This paper emphasizes the importance of early language and social-emotional development in predicting long-term academic and social success. Language delays often co-occur with social-emotional problems, increasing the risk of academic failure and social difficulties. The authors advocate for a universal preventive screening approach for children targeting both language and behavior issues before school entry. This could mitigate developmental delays and behavioral challenges that otherwise persist into later life. The paper highlights deficiencies in existing screening programs which often fail to identify co-occurring delays in language and social-emotional development, particularly for children from low-income families. Recommendations include universal screening to start at 12 months, improved collaboration with parents and caregivers, and integrating screening with interventions rather than just focusing on diagnosis.

This research focuses on early detection, assessment, and interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Key points include the critical role of early screening as developmental disabilities like autism can significantly impact language, cognitive, and social development. Diagnostic tools such as the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) are highlighted. Intervention methods like Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and family involvement are critical factors. The research supports early intervention services to begin as soon as a diagnosis is confirmed, as early treatment can significantly improve developmental outcomes.

This paper addresses key challenges in early identification and management of developmental delays (DD) in resource-limited settings, particularly in South Africa. It emphasizes routine developmental screening and surveillance at vaccination visits and during early childhood (2-5 years). Tools like the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) and Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) are discussed. The paper outlines the factors contributing to DD, such as genetic conditions, infections, and malnutrition. It highlights the lack of diagnostic tools and trained professionals in resource-limited settings and suggests cost-effective alternatives.

This research explores the benefits and challenges of early diagnosis for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Early diagnosis allows for timely intervention, leading to improved developmental outcomes, such as better social interaction, communication, and adaptive behavior. The paper discusses potential risks, including stigmatization and overdiagnosis. It reviews screening tools like the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT-R/F) and diagnostic assessments like the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). The research highlights the importance of emerging technologies, including biomarkers, neuroimaging, and AI, in improving the accuracy of ASD diagnoses.

This paper emphasizes the importance of early identification and intervention for developmental disorders through systematic developmental surveillance and screening. It outlines a comprehensive framework for pediatricians and healthcare providers to ensure early detection of conditions such as autism, intellectual disabilities, and motor disorders. Key recommendations include routine developmental screening at 9, 18, and 30 months, with additional surveillance before school entry. The paper highlights the need for policy reforms to support universal screening adoption and advocates for collaboration between healthcare and early childhood professionals.

This review provides an in-depth analysis of 99 screening tools used to identify Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and developmental delays (DD) in infants and young children, with a focus on their applicability in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It highlights culturally adaptable, cost-effective tools such as the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT-R/F) and the Pictorial Autism Assessment Schedule (PAAS), which are suitable for resource-constrained environments. The paper recommends tools that are affordable, brief, and can be administered by community health workers. The review underscores the need for follow-up services in LMICs to ensure effective interventions post-screening.